Exílio de Samaria e do Touro-Jovem em Oseias 10,1-8
Keywords:
Samaria, young bull, Assyria, exile, cultAbstract
Northern Israel has always been more powerful than Judah, and this in various aspects. Northern Israel possessed large and fertile valleys, which were coveted by nations and empires. The agricultural fertility was large and diverse, producing many fruits, olives for olive oil and grapes for wine production. It also possessed a large apiary at Tel Rehov, the greatest of all those which have been found. All this was voiced with mişbeḥot and maşşebot, altars and steles, as well as the figure of the young bull. This was strongly opposed and condemned by Judahite writing. This is visible throughout the text of Hosea and other parts of the Hebrew Bible. In Judahite evaluation, the exile of the Northern Kingdom was caused by the presence of the young bull and has followed other gods. This is what we see on the contents of Hosea 10.1-8.
References
ALONSO SCHÖKEL, L.; SICRE DÍAZ, José. Profetas II. Grande Comentário Bíblico. São Paulo: Edições Paulinas, 1991.
AMSLER, S. (et al.). Os Profetas e os Livros Proféticos. São Paulo: Edições Paulinas, 1992.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Ed. K. ELLIGER e W. RUDOLPH. Barueri: Sociedade Bíblica do Brasil, 2011.
Bíblia Sagrada com Concordância. Revista e Atualizada. Trad. João Ferreira de Almeida. Barueri: Sociedade Bíblica do Brasil, 2008.
FINKELSTEIN, Israel. The Forgotten Kingdom: the archaeology and history of northern kingdom. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2013.
HARRIS, R. Laird; ARCHER JR., Gleason L.; WALTKE, Bruce K. Dicionário Internacional de Teologia do Antigo Testamento. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 1998.
KESSLER, Reisner; KIRST, Nelson, et al. Dicionário Hebraico-Português & Aramaico-Português. 18. ed. São Leopoldo: Sinodal; Petrópolis: Vozes, 2004.
LIVERANI, Mario. Para Além da Bíblia: história antiga de Israel. São Paulo: Paulus/Loyola, 2008.
MAYS, James Luther. Hosea: a commentary. London: SCM Press LTD, 1969.
MAZAR, Amihai. Arqueologia na Terra da Bíblia 10.000-586 aC. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2003.
Nova Bíblia Pastoral. São Paulo: Paulus, 2014.
SCHMITDT, Werner H. Introdução ao Antigo Testamento. 3. ed. São Leopoldo: Sinodal/EST, 2004.
SIMIAN-YOFRE, Horácio. El Desierto de los Dioses: teologia e historia en el libro de Oseas. Cordoba: Ediciones el Almendro, 1993.
WOLFF, Hans Walter. Oseas Hoy: las bodas de la ramera. Salamanca: Ediciones Sígueme, 1984.
